Result Clauses (ώστε / έτσι ώστε)

A result clause says what a situation LEADS TO - English “so that / with the result that”. Greek uses ώστε (or the fuller έτσι ώστε, “in such a way that”), and the MOOD you pick changes the meaning. (1) ώστε + INDICATIVE reports an ACTUAL, realised result: «Διάβασε πολύ, ώστε πέρασε» (he studied a lot, so he passed - he really did pass). (2) ώστε να / έτσι ώστε να reports an INTENDED or potential result - aimed at, not asserted as fact: «Διαβάζει πολύ, έτσι ώστε να περάσει» (he studies a lot, so that he will pass - the passing is the goal). Read it as: INDICATIVE = it happened; να = it is meant to happen. A τόσο (“so”) often sets up the actual result: «Ήταν τόσο κουρασμένος, ώστε έφυγε νωρίς» (he was so tired that he left early). This indicative-vs-να split is the whole teaching point.