Katalava
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Grammar reference
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Syntax & Writing System
The alphabet, monotonic stress, and basic word order - the rules with no paradigm table.
The Greek Alphabet
Stress and the Tonos
Basic Word Order
Real Conditionals (αν + θα)
Present-Unreal Conditionals (αν + imperfect, θα + imperfect)
Past-Unreal Conditionals (αν + pluperfect, θα + pluperfect)
Real vs Unreal Conditionals - the Whole System
Relative Clauses with που
Reporting a Statement (ότι / πως)
ότι/πως vs να - Which Linker
No Backshift in Reported Speech
Indirect Questions (question word + αν)
Concessive Clauses (αν και / παρόλο που / μολονότι)
Result Clauses (ώστε / έτσι ώστε)
The Formal Conditional (εφόσον)
Purpose Clauses (προκειμένου να / με σκοπό να)
Reported Speech with Backshift (present → imperfect)
Backshift in the Past (aorist → pluperfect, future → θα + imperfect)
Shift or Keep? - Perspective, Not Obligation
Reported Questions & Commands
Full Counterfactuals - Past-Unreal Chains
Mixed Conditionals (past cause → present result)
Contrast Connectors (ωστόσο / εντούτοις / από την άλλη)
Consequence Connectors (επομένως / συνεπώς / άρα)
Reformulation & Clarification (δηλαδή / με άλλα λόγια)
Affirmation & Enumeration (πράγματι / καταρχάς / αφενός…αφετέρου)
Formal / λόγιος Register Awareness
The Prefix ξανα- (“again / re-”)
The Prefix ξε- (“un- / off / de-”)
The Prefix κατα- (“utterly / down”)
Compounding & the -ο- Linking Vowel
Derived Word Families
Flexible Word Order & Emphasis